A ball is thrown from the top of a 100m cliff with an initial velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. Calculate the total time of flight and the horizontal range.

A 0.5 kg soccer ball is kicked with a force of 150 N. The kick lasts for 0.05 seconds. What is the final velocity of the ball, assuming it was initially at rest?

A 2 kg pendulum bob is released from rest at a height of 0.5 m above its lowest point. What is the speed of the bob as it passes through the lowest point of its swing?

How much energy is required to heat 2.5 kg of water from 20°C to 80°C? The specific heat capacity of water is 4186 J/(kg·K).

An ideal gas in a sealed container has its volume halved while its temperature is doubled (in Kelvin). What is the ratio of the final pressure to the initial pressure?

A simple pendulum has a length of 1.5 m. What is its period of oscillation on Earth (g ≈ 9.81 m/s²)?

Monochromatic light with a wavelength of 600 nm passes through two slits separated by 0.03 mm. An interference pattern is observed on a screen 2.0 m away. What is the distance between the central maximum and the first bright fringe?

Calculate the gravitational force between the Earth (mass ≈ 5.97x10^24 kg) and the Moon (mass ≈ 7.34x10^22 kg), given their average separation is about 3.84x10^8 m. (G ≈ 6.67x10^-11 N·m²/kg²)

A circular coil of 50 turns and radius 5 cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T. The coil is rotated at a constant angular velocity of 100 rad/s. Find the peak EMF induced in the coil.

An electron in a hydrogen atom transitions from the n=3 energy state to the n=1 ground state. Calculate the wavelength of the photon emitted. (Rydberg constant R_H ≈ 1.097x10^7 m⁻¹)

Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron that has been accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 100 V.

The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5730 years. If a fossil is found to have 25% of its original Carbon-14 remaining, how old is the fossil?